Which method of sterilization utilizes high pressure and high heat?

The method of sterilization that utilizes high pressure and high heat is steam sterilization, commonly known as autoclaving. This process involves exposing items to saturated steam at elevated temperatures and pressures, typically at around 121°C (250°F) for a specified period of time. The high temperature kills microorganisms and renders them incapable of reproduction, while the pressure ensures that the steam effectively permeates materials and reaches all surfaces for thorough sterilization.

Steam sterilization is widely used in healthcare and laboratory settings due to its effectiveness, speed, and relatively low cost compared to other methods. It is suitable for most instruments and materials that can withstand heat and moisture.

Other sterilization methods, such as ethylene oxide, gas plasma, and microwave sterilization, operate under different principles and conditions. Ethylene oxide uses a gaseous process at lower temperatures, which is suitable for heat-sensitive materials but takes longer due to the need for aeration post-sterilization. Gas plasma relies on low-temperature hydrogen peroxide and is also effective for heat-sensitive items. Microwave sterilization isn’t a conventional method for sterilizing medical instruments and typically does not achieve the same consistent effectiveness as steam autoclaves.