Which artery supplies the rectum and anus?

The superior rectal artery is the primary artery supplying the rectum, particularly the upper part. It is a continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery, which branches off to provide blood to the distal colon and rectum. As the superior rectal artery descends, it divides into branches that supply the rectal wall and the mucosa of the rectum, which are essential for maintaining tissue viability and function.

This artery is crucial in the vascularization of the rectum and is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood that supports the metabolic activities of the rectal tissues. Its importance extends to various clinical scenarios, including surgical procedures involving the rectum or conditions affecting rectal blood supply, where knowledge about this arterial supply can help in planning treatment and anticipating complications.

Understanding the anatomy and function of the superior rectal artery is vital for practitioners in the field, particularly when considering diseases like rectal cancer or performing procedures such as hemorrhoidectomies or resections.