Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the brain, eyes, and internal ear?

The internal carotid artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the brain, eyes, and internal ear due to its direct and significant contributions to the cerebral and ophthalmic circulatory systems. As it ascends into the skull, it bifurcates into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, which perfuse large portions of the cerebral hemispheres, including critical regions responsible for motor control, sensory perception, and various cognitive functions.

In addition to its role in brain perfusion, the internal carotid artery also gives rise to the ophthalmic artery, which supplies blood to the eyes. This direct connection underscores its importance in the vascularization of both the central nervous system and the structures responsible for vision. Furthermore, branches from the internal carotid artery play a role in supplying the internal ear, ensuring adequate blood flow to this critical sensory structure.

The other arteries mentioned, while important in the overall vascular system, do not supply the brain, eyes, and internal ear to the same extent as the internal carotid artery. For instance, the external carotid artery primarily supplies the face and neck rather than the internal structures of the brain or the eyes. The vertebral arteries contribute to the posterior circulation of the brain but do not directly supply the eyes. The bas