What is the treatment of choice for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM)?

Embolotherapy is considered the treatment of choice for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) because it directly addresses the abnormal blood vessel connections that characterize AVMs. Through this minimally invasive procedure, interventional radiologists can introduce agents that occlude the blood vessels within the AVM. This helps to reduce blood flow to the malformation, effectively minimizing the risks associated with it, such as hemorrhage or other complications.

Embolotherapy is advantageous not just for its effectiveness but also for its ability to preserve surrounding healthy tissue, which is crucial in minimizing potential complications associated with other more invasive treatments. This approach can also be used as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with other therapies, such as surgery or radiation, depending on the size and location of the AVM and the patient's overall condition.

In contrast, surgical ligation, while effective in certain cases, typically involves significant operative risks and recovery time, making it less favorable initially for many patients. Medication therapy may help manage symptoms related to AVMs, but it does not address the underlying vascular abnormality. Radiation therapy is primarily utilized in specific cases, particularly for smaller or inoperable AVMs, but it often requires longer treatment courses and is not a first-line strategy. Therefore, embolotherapy