What is the primary function of the superior mesenteric artery?

The primary function of the superior mesenteric artery is to supply blood to the entire small bowel and part of the colon, making option B the correct choice. This artery branches off the abdominal aorta and is critical in delivering oxygenated blood to the majority of the small intestine, which includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, as well as the proximal part of the colon, specifically the cecum, ascending colon, and a portion of the transverse colon.

Understanding the vascular supply to the gastrointestinal tract is crucial in interventional radiology, as procedures often involve managing various vascular conditions, including ischemic bowel disease. The superior mesenteric artery’s role in supplying such a significant portion of the intestines makes it pivotal for maintaining proper intestinal function and digestive health. In clinical practice, interventions that affect this artery can have profound implications for bowel viability.

The other options describe the blood supply to different organs which are primarily serviced by their respective arteries. The liver and gallbladder are supplied by the hepatic artery, the stomach and pancreas are nourished by branches of the celiac trunk, and the kidneys and adrenal glands receive their blood supply from the renal arteries. Each of these specific arteries plays a defined role in delivering blood to