What is the main purpose of Adrenal Vein Sampling?

Adrenal Vein Sampling (AVS) is primarily utilized to localize aldosterone-secreting adenomas, which is essential for the differential diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism, also known as Conn's syndrome. This condition occurs when there is excess production of aldosterone, often due to an adenoma in one of the adrenal glands.

During the AVS procedure, blood samples are collected from both adrenal veins and from a peripheral vein. By analyzing these samples for aldosterone levels, clinicians can determine whether the excess hormones are being secreted from one adrenal gland (indicating the presence of an adenoma) or if both glands are contributing to the hormone overproduction, which typically indicates bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. This distinction is critical for guiding treatment decisions, such as whether surgical intervention is warranted or if medical management is more appropriate.

Understanding the function of AVS in localizing the source of aldosterone overproduction emphasizes its importance in managing conditions associated with adrenal dysfunction and tailoring effective treatment approaches.