What is a common indicator for placement of an IVC filter?

Placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter is commonly indicated in patients who face a significant risk of developing pulmonary embolism due to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), especially in situations where anticoagulation therapy is not appropriate or effective. Long-term bedrest is one of the risk factors that can increase the likelihood of venous thromboembolism, as immobility can lead to the formation of blood clots in the lower extremities. In cases of prolonged bedrest — such as in patients recovering from surgery or those with severe illnesses — the propensity for DVT increases, thus making the placement of an IVC filter a preventive measure to mitigate the risk of these clots traveling to the lungs.

In contrast, while anemia, high blood pressure, and chronic headaches may warrant medical evaluation and treatment, they are not direct indicators for IVC filter placement or related to the risk of pulmonary embolism in the same way that long-term bedrest is. These conditions do not address the risk of thromboembolic events in patients who cannot receive anticoagulation, which is the primary purpose of IVC filters.