What is a common complication associated with access during procedures?

Pneumothorax is a well-known complication that can occur during procedures involving access to the thoracic cavity, such as central venous catheter placement or thoracentesis. This complication arises when the needle accidentally punctures the pleura, leading to air entering the pleural space and causing lung collapse. The risk increases with the use of imaging guidance, especially in areas like the subclavian region, where the proximity of the lung poses a risk during needle advancement.

The possibility of pneumothorax should be considered whenever the chest wall is penetrated, and healthcare professionals are trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax for rapid intervention. Management may vary from observation of small asymptomatic pneumothoraces to needle decompression or chest tube placement in more significant cases.

The other options provided, such as vascular occlusion, hemoglobinuria, and anaphylaxis, are indeed complications associated with various procedures and interventions but do not have the same direct relationship with access and the immediate risks arising from it. Vascular occlusion typically stems from thrombosis rather than direct complications from access. Hemoglobinuria might be related to conditions like hemolysis after certain invasive procedures, and anaphylaxis is commonly associated with allergic