What does the splenic artery primarily supply?

The splenic artery primarily supplies blood to the spleen, which is its main function. Additionally, it provides branches that supply parts of the pancreas, specifically the body and tail. The anatomical course of the splenic artery runs along the upper border of the pancreas and gives off several pancreatic branches that contribute to the blood supply of that organ as well.

The other options include vascular territories that are supplied by different arteries. The right colon and ileum receive blood from the superior mesenteric artery, while the transverse colon and duodenum are primarily supplied by branches from both the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk. The descending colon and appendix receive blood from the inferior mesenteric artery and appendicular artery, respectively, rather than the splenic artery. Understanding these vascular territories helps clarify the unique role of the splenic artery in supplying the spleen and parts of the pancreas.